Table 6. Summary of Analysis by Category for Surveyed Collagen-Stimulating Products

Category Subcategory No. of products Proportion (%) Representative examples
1. Distribution by principal component
  PCL (Polycaprolactone) 4 26.7 GOURI, LAFULLEN, Ellanse S, Ellanse M
  PLLA (Poly-L-Lactic Acid) 4 26.7 Sculptra, GANA, Everwrinkle, Olidia
  PDLLA (Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid) 3 20.0 Juvelook, Powerfill, AestheFill
  PDO (Polydioxanone) 1 6.7 ULTRACOL
  CaHA 3 20.0 RADIESSE, RADIESSE + Lidocaine, VOLassom
  Subtotal 15 100
2. Distribution by formulation
  Fully liquid 1 6.7 GOURI
  Suspension 6 40.0 LAFULLEN, Ellanse S·M, RADIESSE, RADIESSE + Lidocaine, VOLassom
  Powder (reconstitution required) 7 46.7 Sculptra, GANA, Everwrinkle, Olidia, Powerfill, AestheFill, ULTRACOL
  Powder/solvent dual-component 1 6.7 Juvelook
  Subtotal 15 100
3. Distribution by domestic approval status
  MFDS manufacturing approval 10 66.7 GOURI, LAFULLEN, GANA, Everwrinkle, Olidia, Juvelook, Powerfill, AestheFill, ULTRACOL, VOLassom
  MFDS import approval 5 33.3 Ellanse S·M, Sculptra, RADIESSE, RADIESSE + Lidocaine
  Subtotal 15 100% Based on domestic approval type (manufacturing/import)
4. International certification status*
  CE certification 14 93.3 All products except Everwrinkle·Everwrinkle V
  FDA certification 3 20.0 Sculptra, RADIESSE, RADIESSE + Lidocaine
  TFDA certification 1 6.7 GOURI
  No international certification 1 6.7 Everwrinkle·Everwrinkle V
5. Anesthetic content
  Products with anesthetic (lidocaine, etc.) 1 6.7 RADIESSE + Lidocaine (0.3% lidocaine hydrochloride pre-mixed)
  Products without anesthetic 14 93.3 Including Sculptra (optional addition available but not pre-mixed)
  Subtotal 15 100
Products such as GOURI (CE·TFDA) and Sculptra/RADIESSE/RADIESSE + Lidocaine (CE·FDA) hold multiple international certifications simultaneously; therefore, the sum of proportions by certification type exceeds 100%.
Sculptra allows optional addition of lidocaine during reconstitution per the 2023 MFDS approval update, but is classified as 'without anesthetic' as it is not pre-mixed in the product.
CaHA, calcium hydroxyapatite; MFDS, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; CE, Conformité Européenne; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; TFDA, Taiwan Food and Drug Administration.