Table 3. A Chronological Review of Records of Anesthesia via Inhalation Identified in Korean Medical Classics.

Category	Literature title	Year / Period	Author	Substance or Method Used	Route of Administration / Form	Intended Effect	Applied Symptoms or Procedure
Anesthesia via Inhalation	Bonchogangmokseubyu (本草綱目拾遺)	1765 / Qing	Zhao Xuemin (趙學敏)	Tobacco fire (烟草火)	Deep inhalation of smoke	Analgesia / Anesthesia-like state	Reversible loss of consciousness following excessive tobacco inhalation
	Singicheonheom (身機踐驗)	1866 / Joseon	Choe Han-gi (崔漢綺)	Mimengshui (迷蒙水) / Chloroform	Inhalation through the nose	General anesthesia	Lower limb amputation
	Singicheonheom (身機踐驗)	1866 / Joseon	Choe Han-gi (崔漢綺)	Mimengshui (迷蒙水) / Chloroform	Inhalation through the nose	Anesthesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation	Fracture reduction
	Singicheonheom (身機踐驗)	1866 / Joseon	Choe Han-gi (崔漢綺)	Mimengshui (迷蒙水) / Chloroform	Inhalation through the nose	Anesthesia, muscle relaxation	Hip dislocation reduction
	Singicheonheom (身機踐驗)	1866 / Joseon	Choe Han-gi (崔漢綺)	Mimengshui (迷蒙水) / Chloroform, alternative: Opium paste (鴉片膏)	Mimengshui via nasal inhalation, Opium paste via oral	Decreased consciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation	Small intestinal hernia, incarcerated hernia treatment
	Singicheonheom (身機踐驗)	1866 / Joseon	Choe Han-gi (崔漢綺)	Mimengshui (迷蒙水) / Chloroform, alternative: Opium paste (鴉片膏)	Inhalation through the nose	Obstetric anesthesia, loss of sensation	State of unconsciousness during delivery