| Luo(2024)28) | EA+WMCT | Once daily | 10s | WMCT | 5s |
| Methylprednisolonesodiumsuccinate(0.5㎖) at the TE19, QOD, Point injection |
| Zhang(2024)29) | EA+MA | 3 times a week | 18s | Sham AT, EA | 18s |
| Non-penetrating needles, no electrical current output3 times a week |
| Jiang(2023)30) | MA | Once daily | 12s/2c | WMCT | 12s |
| 1c=daily session for 6d followed by 1d break | Methylcobalamin 0.5㎎. QD, IVMethylprednisolonesodium succinate120㎎(1-4d)→40㎎(5-12d), QD, IV |
| Tao(2023)31) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | 18s/3c | WMCT | 18s |
| 1c=daily session for 6d followed by 1d break | Dexamethasone 10㎎(1-5d), QD, IVBatroxobin 5BU(=0.5㎖)(1d), IV->5BU, QOD(total 3 times), IV, if Fibrinogen levels≤1 g/L, paused for 1d, if >1 g/L, treatment continuedGinkgo leaf extract 70㎎(1-10d), QD, IV->ginko leaf tablet 2T(11d-3w), TID, PO |
| Wei(2022)32) | MA+HBOT+WMCT | Once daily | 24s/4c | HBOT+WMCT | 24s |
| 1c=daily session for 6d followed by 1d break | 2ATA, 80m, once dailyPressurization Time: 20mAfter reaching the target pressure: 40mDepressurization Time: 20mBaseline drug therapy (steorid, neurotrophic drugs) |
| Liang(2021)33) | T1 : MA+WMCT (only ISTS) T2:MA | Once daily | 14s | WMCT | 7s/14s |
| Dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.5㎖, QOD, ITSTGinkgo biloba extract 20㎖, QD, IV |
| Jiang(2021)34) | T1,2,3 : EA+WMCT :WMCT | Once daily | 20s | WMCT | 20s |
| Danhong 20㎖, Vinpocetine 30㎎, Mecobalamin 1㎎, QD, IV |
| Sun(2021)35) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 30s | WMCT | 30s |
| Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection 10㎖, BID, IVDexamethasone 10㎎(1-3d)→5㎎(4-6d), QD, IVMecobalamin injection 1.5㎎ at ST36Tinnitus : Add 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride 10㎖, QD, IV |
| Zhang(2020)36) | EA+WMCT | Once daily | 10s/2c | WMCT | 9s/14s |
| 1c=daily session for 5d followed by 2d break | Methylprednisolone 120㎎(1-3d)→80㎎(4-6d)→40㎎(7-9d), QD, IVProstaglandin E1 20㎍, QD, IVGanglioside 20㎎, QD, IMGinkgo biloba extract 105㎎, QD, IVMid to high freq : Add 2% lidocaine 10㎖, QOD, IVFlat or total : Add Batroxobin 10BU(1d)→5BU(2-6d) (Discontinue medication if Fibrinogen<100㎎/ℓ before treatment/after 1cycle) |
| Sheng(2020)37) | EA+HBOT+WMCT | Once daily | 24s/4c | HBOT+WMCT | 24s/4c (1c=daily session for 6 days followed by 1 day break) |
| 1c=daily session for 6d followed by 1d break | 2.5ATA, 60m, once dailyPressurization Time: 20mAfter reaching the target pressure, 60mDepressurization Time: 30 mGinkgo biloba extract 40㎎, 2T, TID, POMethylcobalamin 0.5㎎. TID, PO |
| Fan(2020)38) | MA+HBOT+WMCT | 5 times in a week | 20s | HBOT+WMCT | 20s |
| 0.12Mpa, 60m(5m breaks after every 20 minutes of oxygen inhalation), 5 times in a weekGinkgo biloba extract 105㎎, QD, IVMethylcobalamin 0.5㎎. TID, POMethylprednisolone 80㎎(1-3d)→40㎎(4-6d), QD, IV |
| Ju(2020)39) | AAPN+HM | Once daily | 14s | HM | 14s |
| 疏肝飲 Shugan Decoction, BID, PO |
| Lu(2019)40) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 7s | WMCT | 7s |
| Dexamethasone 10㎎(1-3d)→5㎎(4-7d), QD, IV |
| Gao(2019)41) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 24s/2c | WMCT | NR |
| 1c=daily session for 12d followed by 3d break | Vitamin B1, Drugs to reduce bloodviscosity, Neurotrophic drugs, Drugs to improve inner ear microcirculation, Dexamethasone ITST |
| Gong(2018)42) | MA | Once daily | 10s/2c | Sham AT | 10s/2c (1c=daily session for 5 days followed by 2 day break) |
| 1c=daily session for 5d followed by 2d break | No manual stimulation, not experience the needle sensation Once daily |
| Zhao(2017)43) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 20 session | WMCT | 20s |
| Prostaglandin E1 10㎍, mecobalamin 0.5㎎, glucocorticoid 20㎎(reducing the dose by 5㎎ every 3 days until discontinuation), QD, IV |
| Liang(2017)44) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 14s | WMCT | 14s |
| Prostaglandin E1 0.2g, QD, IVDexamethasone 0.5㎖, QD, ITSTFor patients with dizziness : Add Betahistine Mesylate 6㎎, TID, PO + Cinnarizine 5㎎, QD(HS), PO |
| Guo(2016)45) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | 15s | WMCT | 15s |
| Ginkgo biloba 20㎖, Vinpocetine 20㎎, Citicolin 0.5g, QD, IVMecobalamin 500㎎, TID, POFlunarizine 10㎎, HS, PODexamethasone 5㎎, QD, ITST (For children, Prednisone QD, PO) |
| Yang(2016)46) | MA+HBOT+WMCT | Once daily | 24s/3c | HBOT+WMCT | 24s/3c |
| 1c=daily session for 8d followed by 2d break | 0.1Mpa, once dailyPressurization Time: 20mAfter reaching the target pressure, 70mDepressurization Time: 30mGinkgo biloba extract 30㎖, QD, IVCinnarizine.5㎎. QD, PODexamethasone 10㎎(1-3d)→5㎎(4-6d), QD, IV |
| Liu(2015)47) | MA+WMCT | Once daily | 20s/4c | WMCT | 14s/28s |
| 1c=daily session for 5d followed by 2d break | Ginkgo leaf extract 20㎖(for 14d), QD, IVMecobalanin 0.5㎎, TID, PO |
| Huang(2014)48) | MA+HBOT+WMCT | Once daily | 20s | HBOT+WMCT | 20s |
| HBOTPrednisolone 1㎎, QD, PO (3-5day)Gingko biloba extract 20㎖, QD, IV |
| Liang(2014)49) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | 20s/2c | WMCT | 20s |
| 1c=daily session for 10d followed by 2d break | Ganglioside 20㎎(1-5d)→10㎎(6-10d), QD, IVAlprostadil 10μg, QD, IVGinkgo biloba extract 17.5㎎, QD, IVMethylprednisolone 40㎎(1-3d)→20㎎(4-10d), QD, IV |
| Xu(2013)50) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | 15s | WMCT | 15s |
| Methylcobalamin 0.5㎎, TID, POGinko biloba extract 4-6 vials QD, IVMethylprednisolone 12㎎(reduced by 4㎎ every 3 days), QD, POThormbosis or embolism confirmed by eye fundus examination or CT/MRI : Add Fibrinolytic enzyme 200U IVTinnitus : Add Alprostadil 10㎍ IV |
| Luo(2012)51) | T1,2: MA+WMCT | 5 times in a week | 30s | WMCT | 10s/30s |
| Salvia 20ml(1-10d) QD, IVMecobalamin 1.0㎎ (1-10d), QD, IVZuociwan 8T, TID, PO |
| Qiu(2012)52) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | 20s/2c | WMCT | 20s |
| 1c=daily session for 5d followed by 2d break | Guanxinning injection 20㎖ and Ciwujia injection 100㎖, QD, IVVitamin BIZ 1000㎍ QD, IMHBOT 2h, QDAcute stage : Prednisone 40-60㎎(continuously for 10-14d), QD, PO |
| Chen(2011)53) | EA | Once daily | 10s | WMCT | 10s |
| Batroxobin 20BU(1d)→5BU, QOD, TID IVCinnarizine(Dinglodeer) 100㎎, ATP 40㎎, Dexamethasome 10㎎, QD, IVVitamin B1 0.5g, Vitamin B12 500㎍, QD, IM |
| Wu(2010)54) | EA+MA+WMCT | Once daily | NR | WMCT | NR |
| 1c=daily session for 6d followed by 1d break | Kesi 10㎍, BID, IVVitamin B1 100㎎, Vitamin B12 500㎍, QD, IMAntiviral oral solution 10㎖, Sibelium 5㎎, QD, PO |
| Luo(2009)55) | EA | Once daily | 10s | WMCT | 10s |
| 6% Low-Molecular Dextran 500㎖ + ATP 40㎎ + Coenzyme A 100U, QD, IVNimodipine 20㎎, TID, POGold Theragan(multivitamin) 1T, QD, PO |