| Chai J et al/201110) | [E](31): Total effective rate: 90.32%Clinically cured: 20 / Improved: 8 / Not cured: 3 cases[C](31): Total effective rate: 61.29%Clinically cured: 5 / Improved: 14 cases / Not cured: 12 cases*By the end of the follow-up period, there were 5 cases of recurrence in the treatment group and 6 cases in the control group.*A statistical analysis showed that the difference in effectiveness between the two groups was χ2 = 7.1234, P < 0.01, indicating that the treatment group was significantly more effective than the control group. | No mention |
| Wu S et al/201011) | Effective rate after six treatment cycles (30 days)[E] 1)Group A: 100%(one patient experiencing a relapse during the follow-up after ten treatment cycles)2)Group B: 98%(with one ineffective case, and one case also relapsed after ten treatment cycles)[C] 32% | No mention |
| Liu W et al/199812) | The results of the chi-square test for the difference in treatment duration showed thatP≤0.01, indicating that the treatment group demonstrated significantly faster recovery compared to the control group. | Two cases of external infection occurred in control group |
| Feng Z et al/199513) | Total effective rate 98%, Cure rate 71% | No mention |
| Xia H/201814) | Among the eight frostbite patients, one achieved optimal heat conduction after a single session of ear-cavity warming moxibustion therapy, with the frostbite-induced skin damage and ulcers completely healing and symptoms disappearing within about one week. The remaining seven patients achieved optimal heat conduction after three sessions of warming moxibustion, and their frostbite was fully cured within about one week. | None |
| Cheng Z et al/201815) | Cure rate: 38 cases (31.67%)Improved: 72 cases (60.00%)Ineffective: 10 cases (8.33%)Total effective rate: 91.67%. | No mention |
| Wang Z/200916) | After one treatment course(7d)1)Grade 1(43): Total effective rate: 100% / cure rate: 100%2)Grade 2(35): Total effective rate: 100% / cure rate(29): 92.30% / Improvement rate(6): 7.7% | No mention |
| Tang Y/200617) | Total effective rate: 100%19 patients were cured after one course of treatment.5 patients were cured after two courses.7 patients were cured after three courses. | None |
| Lin L/200618) | 4 patients (22.2%) were cured after 1 day of treatment, 12 patients (66.7%) after 3 days, and 2 patients (11.1%) after 1 week.All 18 patients were cured.Cure rate: 18 cases (100%) | No mention |
| Fan J/200519) | Significant improvement : 26 cases,Effective results: 33 casesIneffective: 4 casesOverall efficacy rate was 93.65%. | None |
| Chen Y et al/200220) | After treatment, the skin redness and swelling subsided, wounds healed, and symptoms such as burning or sharp pain disappeared, leaving only areas of pigmentation as evidence of healing. All 56 cases in this group achieved full recovery.Grade 1: Healing occurred after 2 applications. (4d)Grade 2: Healing took 2 to 3 applications, with improvement seen within 3-5d and complete recovery within 5-9d.Grade 3: Treatment lasted from 2-7d, with improvement after 5-6d and healing achieved in about 10d.Average healing time: 8.6d.Most cases began to form scabs within 4 to 10 hours after applying the medication. Some cases experienced mild itching at the lesion site, but the majority tolerated the treatment well, with no other adverse reactions observed at the sites of frostbite. | No mention |
| Feng J et al/200121) | Cure rate: 100%All 10 patients underwent a complete course of treatment, achieving a cure rate of 100%. The skin at the frostbite sites became smooth within one week without scarring or pigmentation. After treatment, patients reported no pain, and follow-ups showed no recurrences among all cases over a two-year period. | None |
| Yi C et al/199822) | All 51 cases achieved healing, with the following timeframes:Grade 1: healed in 1-3dGrade 2: improved in 2-3d, healed in 3-4dGrade 3: healed in 6-8d | No mention |
| Song C et al/199523) | Total effective rate: 100%Upon follow-up one month later, all 31 cases were fully healed, with normal skin and no remaining symptoms. | None |
| Liu X/199524) | Cured: 18 cases (90%)Effective: 1 caseIneffective: 1 case | No mention |
| Ha SJ et al/20242) | Improved | None |
| Wang D/201925) | After three treatments with bee needle stings, he reported a warm sensation in the affected area and achieved full recovery. | No mention |
| Norheim A et al/201826) | ImprovedDynamic Infrared Thermography (DIRT) showed improved rewarming ability. Improvement based on the patient’s self-reported symptoms. | None |