Table 1. General Characteristics of the Participants

NCHHF 12,328 (77.3) CHHF 3,622 (22.7) Total 15,950 (100) P value
Age (years) 45.00 ± 0.25 45.24 ± 0.39 45.05 ± 0.24 0.540
BMI (㎏/m2) 24.01 ± 0.04 22.55 ± 0.08 23.7 ± 0.04 < 0.001
Gender Male 6,036 (56.5) 762 (23.4) 6,798 (49.6) < 0.001
Female 6,292 (43.5) 2,860 (76.6) 9,152 (50.4)
Marital status Married 10,725 (78.3) 3,037 (75.9) 13,762 (77.8) 0.039
Single 1,603 (21.7) 585 (24.1) 2,188 (22.2)
Education ≤ Elementary 2,940 (17.3) 1,002 (20.9) 3,942 (18.0) < 0.001
Middle 1,363 (10.1) 399 (10.7) 1,762 (10.3)
≥ High 8,025 (72.6) 2,221 (68.4) 10,246 (71.7)
Household income Low 2,249 (15.0) 784 (18.0) 3,033 (15.6) 0.008
Mid-low 3,215 (27.5) 915 (26.3) 4,130 (27.3)
Mid-high 3,404 (29.3) 962 (28.2) 4,366 (29.1)
High 3,460 (28.2) 961 (27.5) 4,421 (28.0)
Occupation Manager or professional 1,596 (14.7) 419 (12.5) 2,015 (14.2) < 0.001
Office worker 1,038 (9.2) 243 (8.7) 1,281 (9.1)
Service or sales worker 1,524 (14.4) 422 (13.8) 1,946 (14.2)
Agricultural or fishery worker 1,063 (6.9) 236 (5.3) 1,299 (6.6)
Machine operators or assemblers 1,304 (13.5) 171 (5.8) 1,475 (11.9)
Unskilled workers 1,047 (8.2) 318 (8.7) 1,365 (8.3)
Unemployed 4,756 (33.1) 1,813 (45.3) 6,569 (35.6)
Smoking Non- or past smoker 9,538 (71.0) 3,206 (85.0) 12,744 (74.0) < 0.001
Current smoker 2,790 (29.0) 416 (15.0) 3,206 (26.0)
Drinking < 1 per month 5,568 (39.0) 2,014 (51.1) 7,582 (41.5) < 0.001
≥ 1 per month 6,760 (61.0) 1,608 (48.9) 8,368 (58.5)
Residence Dong (urban) 9,734 (79.7) 2,934 (81.7) 12,668 (80.1) 0.101
Eup·Myeon (rural) 2,594 (20.3) 688 (18.3) 3,282 (19.9)
Values are given as weighted mean ± standard error or unweighted number (weighted percentage). P values were analyzed using weighted two-sample t-test for continuous variables and Rao-Scott chi-square test for nominal variables. NCHHF: non-cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet, CHHF: cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet, BMI: body mass index