| Atopic Dermatitis (AD) | Gwakhyangjeonggisan (GJS) | 52 aged 19–60 years with AD | -GJS treatment group(n=27)-Placebo treatment group(n=25) | thrice daily, 8 weeks | slightly increased gut microbiome diversity.no significant difference in gut microbiota at the phylum level | 1. SCORAD, EASI, DLQI ↓ (but no significant difference between GJS and placebo group)2. IgE↑3. EQ-5D-5L↑NDI-K scores↓4. no significant change in indoxyl sulfate , pheylacetylglutamine compared to placebo group | Mi Mi Ko15) (2024) |
| HuangLianJieDu Decoction, replaced GF(Gardenia Fructus) with DC(Dictamni Cortex) . (MHLJDD) | DNCB or MC903 -induced mice | -Normal group-AD model group-Dexamethasone group-MHLJDD group-Three MHLJDD-F groups | MHLJDD 1.48 g/㎏MHLJDD-F-L (0.26 g/㎏)MHLJDD-F-M (0.52 g/㎏)MHLJDD-F-H (1.04 g/㎏)Once daily, 2 weeks | Alistipes, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014,Lachnospiraceae NK4A136↓Bacteroides, Akkermansia,Parabacteroides, Enterococcus↑ | <ear>1. ear dermatitis score↓(MHLJDD-F-M**,H**)scratching behaviors↓(MHLJDD* , MHLJDD-F-M*)2. epidermal thickness, mast cells↓(MHLJDD**, MHLJDD-F-M,H**)3. IgE, TNF-α ↓(MHLJDD-F-M,H**)4. FLG, LOR ↑(MHLJDD-F*)<dorsal skin>1. EASI↓(MHLJDD*,MHLJDD-F-M*,H**) scratching behaviors↓(MHLJDD-F-L,*M**,H**)2. IgE, TNF-α ↓(MHLJDD**, MHLJDD-F-L,*M**,H**),histamine↓(All**)3. epidermal thickness, mast cells↓(All**)4. FLG, LOR ↑(All**) | Lan Wang17) (2022) |
| Sihocheonggan-Tang (SHCGT) | DNCB-induced mice | -Sham group-AD group-SHCGT group | SHCGT 625 ㎎/㎏,Intragastric administration,Once daily, 2 weeks | 17 species showed significant recovery in SHCGT group.(M. schaedleri*, AB606259**↓) | 1. ADI↓***, skin thickness↓*, WBC↓*, neutrophil↓*2. IL-4↓*, IL-10↓**, IFN-γ↓*TNF-α↓Treg cell↑3. villous atrophy↓claudin-5*, occluding**, ZO-1**↑4. SCFA : butyrate, isobutyrate*, propionate**, valerate*↑, | Jaemoo Chun23) (2021) |
| Allergic Rhinitis (AR) | Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction (MFXD) | OVA-induced AR rats | -Normal group-AR model group-MFXD group-loratadine group-sodium butyrate group | 7.6 g/㎏, oral administration, once daily, 2 weeks | At the phylum level,Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria↑Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria↓At the genus level,Anaerotruncus**, Butyricicoccus*,Lachnospiraceae**, and Ruminococcaceae**↑Bacteroides**, Bifidobacterium**, Enterococcus**, Erysipelotrichaceae*↓Lactobacillus group,Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum↑Bacteroides fragilis group, Enterococcus spp.↓ | 1. nasal mucosa recoveredNasal symptom scores↓**IgE and histamine↓**2. SCFA: Acetic, propionic, butyric acids↑**ZO-1 ↑3. IL-10↑* IL-17↓**ratio of Th17/Treg cells↓IL-1β and IL-23 in lung tissues ↓** | Xiao Liang24) (2020) |
| Xiao-Qing-Long-Decoction (XQLD) | 53 diagnosed AR patients who had not received prior pharmacologic treatment for AR →33 completed the whole study. | | 150 ml of the decoction two times daily, 10 weeks | Bacteroides↑Firmicutes↓Dialister, Roseburia, Bacteroides (OTU_22), and Bacteroides (OTU_2040)↑Prevotella_9↓ | 1. TNSS, RQLQ ↓*2. IL-2,4, IFN-γ, TNF-α↑* (decreased at 6 month)3. PPAR signaling pathway, peroxisome, citrate cycle↑ | Libing Zhu16) (2021) |
| Asthma | recuperating lung decoction (RLD) | OVA-induced Asthma Model | -Normal group-Asthma model group-Dexamethasone group-Two RLD treated groups(Tb, Tc) | 1. Tb: 3.6 g/㎏, oral administration, once daily, 2 weeks2. Tc: 7.26 g/㎏, oral administration, once daily, 2 weeks | 1. RLD(vs Dex): Adlercreutzia, Escherichia↑2. Tb: higher PrevotellaVs Tc: higher Aggregatibacter,Akkermansia, Enterococcus, Proteus / lower Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium(no statistically significant dose-dependent effect was found) | 1. asthma symptom↓2. lung function:central airway resistance↓,airway hyperresponsivence↓(Tb**,Tc*))3. eosinophils in BALF↓(Tb***,Tc***)serum IgE levels↓(Tb**,Tc**)4. lung tissue damage↓ | KONG Yan Hua18) (2016) |
| Pentaherbs formula (PHF) | OVA-induced allergic asthma mice | -Normal group-Asthma group-Two PHF treated groups(PHF14,PHF8)-Dexamethasone group | PHF (9.2 ㎎) in 0.2 ml H2O,oral administration,14 days(PHF14) or 8 days(PHF8) | Bacteroidetes, Saccharibacteria ↑Firmicutes↓ | 1. IgE↓*Airway Hyperresponsiveness↓(PHF14)Airway wall recovered.2. eosinophils, neutrophils↓(PHF14*)IL-4*, IL-33*, IL-31↓Th1/Th2 ratio↑3. SCFAs: acetate, butyrate*↑Propionate, isobutyrate↓4. Treg cells↑ | Miranda Sin-Man Tsang22) (2018) |
| You-Gui-Wan (YGW) | Der-p induced allergic asthma mice | -Control group-Asthma group-Dexamethasone group-Two YGW treated groups | 1. 0.2g/㎏ YGW2. 0.5g/㎏ YGWOral administration, daily, 27 days | 1.Eubacterium, Blautia, Ruminiclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group were relatively enriched.2. ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes↓ | 1. Penh value, IgE ↓2. Serum metabolite: significantly reverse the increased level of 7 metabolites (acetylcarnitine, tryptophan, norleucine, isoleucine, betaine, methionine, valine) | Wei-Hsiang Hsu19) (2021) |
| ShaoyaoGancao Tang (SGT) | OVA-induced asthma rats OVA-none rats | -OVA-none groups treated with physiologic saline, dexamethasone, 3 SGT.-Asthma groups Treated with physiologic saline, dexamethasone, 3 SGT. | 2.5g/㎏ SGT(LSGT)5.0g/㎏ SGT(MSGT)10.0g/㎏ SGT(HSGT)Intragastric administration, Once daily, 4 weeks | Ethanoligenens, Harryflintia,Ruminococcus_2, Alistipes↓Family_XIII_AD3011_group,Ruminococcaceae UCG-005,Candidatus_Saccharimonas↑Ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes↑ | 1. IgE↓(MSGT**, HSTT**)2. airway remodeling improved.GC hyperplasia↓(MSGT**,HSTT**)Change in colon tissue↓(MSGT **, HGST**)3. IL-4↓ IFN-γ↑ Th1/Th2 ratio in lung and colon↑(HSGT*)4. carbohydrate metabolism↑ | Rui He22) (2023) |
| Pingchuan formula(PC) | OVA-induced asthma mice | -Normal group-Asthma group-Dexamethasone group-Three PC treated group(LPC,MPC,HPC) | 200㎎/㎏ PC(LPC)400㎎/㎏ PC(MPC)800㎎/㎏ PC(HPC)Intragastric administration, Once daily, 1 week | Akkermansia↑Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae↓ | 1. lung tissues were recovered.2. MPC : IL-4**, IL-6*, eotaxin*↓ IL-18***↑3. MPC: acacetin, abscisic acid ↑ | Fei Liu21) (2023) |