| Yang (2001), South Korea18) | Recurrent otitis media with effusion | 6.5yrs(3-12yrs) | ≥3 separate episodes of AOM within a 6-month period | (A) 40(B) 50 | NR | (A) HM (Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang) for 3-4 weeks (adjust dosage according to age) | (B) Augmentin, cefzil, suprax 1㏄/㎏ each for 1week, total for 3-4 weeks | Pneumatoscopy, Tympanogram, Pure tone audiometry, Pneumatization of temporal bone | NR |
| Jeong (2002), South Korea19) | Recurrent otitis media with effusion | NR(5-11yrs) | NR | (A) 7(B) 10 | (A) 3/4(B) 7/3 | (A) HM (Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang) | (B) antibiotics | The levels of cytokines | NR |
| Wustrow (2005), Germany22) | Acute otitis media | (A) 4.4±2.3yrs(0-14yrs)(B) 4.3±2.3yrs (1-10yrs) | NR | (A) 192 (95/96)(B) 193 (105/85) | NR | (A) Natural medicine Otovowen® (Echinacea purpurea, Sambucus nigra, Sanguinaria canadensis, Chamomilla recutita, Aconitum napellus, Capsicum annuum, Hydrargyrum cyanatum, Hydrastis canadensis, iodinum, sodium tetraboracicum) plus (B) | (B) Conventional treatment (antibiotics, analgesics secretolytics, nasal drops) | Time to recovery, Pain resolutionAbsence from school or pre-school nursery (days)Assessment of efficacy and tolerability (6-point Likert scale) | NR |
| Wahl (2008), USA17) | Recurrent otitis media | 1.3yrs(12-60m) | ≥3 separate episodes of AOM within a 6-month period, or 4 episodes in one year | (A) 44(B) 46 | NR | (A) Extract of Echinacea purpurea (root and seed) 0.5㎖ 3 times a day for 3 days at the onset of cold symptoms, followed by 0.25㎖ 3 times for 7 more days | (B) 50% ethanol, 45% filtered water, 0.5㎖ 3 times a day for 3 days at the onset of cold symptoms and 0.25㎖ 3 times for 7 more days | 1) The occurrence of a first episode of AOM during the study period2) The number of episodes of AOM | none |
| Zhang (2017), China23) | Acute otitis media | 6.21±1.77yrs(4-13yrs)(A) 6.30±1.70yrs(B) 6.20±1.50yrs | (A) 2.20±0.70d(B) 2.10±0.50d | (A) 70 (34/36)(B) 70 (32/38) | (A) 47/23(B) 53/17 | (A) HM (Shufeng Jiedu Capsule) 2-4 capsules 3 times a day (adjust dosage according to age) for 7 days | (B) Amoxicillin 40㎎/(㎏*d) 3 times a day for 7 days | Clinical symptoms evaluation (Earache, Fever, Tympanic membrane erythema and perforation, Hearing loss) | (A) Increased stools (4), mild diarrhea (2)(B) Rash (1), diarrhea (1) |
| Ito (2017), Japan21) | Recurrent acute otitis media | 17.8m (8-41m) | ≥3 separate episodes of AOM within a 6-month period, or 4 episodes in one year | (A) 31 (14/17)(B) 39 (25/14) | NR | (A) HM (Juzen-taiho-to) powder 0.10–0.25 g/㎏/day 2 times a day for 3 months plus (B) | (B) Conventional treatment based on the Japanese guidelines for AOM | 1) AOM episodes (instances/month)2) Coryza episodes (instances/month),Antibiotic treatment (days/month),Number of tube insertions,Duration until tube insertion | NR |
| Zhang (2020), China20) | Secretory otitis media | (A) 5.26±1.03yrs(3-10yrs)(B) 5.13±0.95yrs(3-10yrs) | (A) 3.61±1.14m (1-8m)(B) 3.52±1.07m (1-7m) | (A) 60(B) 60 | (A) 46/14(B) 48/12 | (A) HM (Wulingsan addition and subtraction) powder plus Nasonex nasal spray, Eucalyptus ∙Lemon∙Pinene Enteric-coated Soft Capsule for 1 month | (B) Tympanic membrane positive and negative pressure treatment (80㎐) 20min/time, 1 time/d plus Nasonex nasal spray, Eucalyptus ∙Lemon∙Pinene Enteric-coated Soft Capsule for 1 month | Clinical symptoms Pure tone audiometry Level of fibronectin, NO, immune function indicators | NR |
| Wang (2020), China24) | Otitis media with effusion | NR (6-12yrs) | (2w-6m)(A) 7.3±3.24w(B) 8.7±2.69w | (A) 60 (28/32)(B) 60 (26/34) | (A) 8/52(B) 2/58 | (A) HM (CongertangⅠhaofang or CongertangⅡhaofang addition and subtraction) 100㎖ 2 times a day (adjust additives according to symptoms) for 1 week-3 months Plus eustachian tube blow-up therapy 3 times a day | Eustachian tube blow-up therapy 3 times a day(B-1) People with acute infections; Clarithromycin 0.25g 2 times a day, dexamethasone 0.75㎎ 3 times a day for 3-6 days(B-2) People without acute infection; Montelukast sodium 5㎎ 1 time a day, Eucalyptus menthol capsule 0.3g 2 times a day, xylostazoline hydrochloride nasal spray 2 times a day for 5 days, 2 days off, continue to use | Clinical symptoms evaluation, Condition of tympanic membrane in otoscope, Audiometry, Tympanogram | NR |
| Xu (2022), China25) | Secretory Otitis media | (A) 6.55±2.37yrs(3-12yrs)(B) 6.36±2.41yrs(3-12yrs) | (A) 3.35±1.62m(3d-6m)(B) 3.58±1.69m(3d-6m) | (A) 100 (53/47)(B) 100 (55/45) | NR | (A) HM (Cangerzisan) 2 times a day (adjust dosage according to age) up to 4 weeks | (B) Fluticasone propionate nasal spray 1 spray in each nostril 2 times a dayPlus dexamethasone sodium phosphate and chymotrypsin injection for tympanic injection 1 time a day up to 4 weeks | Clinical symptoms evaluationThe levels of IL-6, IL-10, inflammatory factors | NR |