| China/200114) | 60 30/14/16 30/13/17(healthy 10/No mention/ No mention) | 35.5(16-45)36.7(18-51) | No mention | No mention | 41.6±13.7(3rd: 24.7±9.1)40.8±12.6(3rd: 24.8±10.2) | Vascular endothelial cell | Astragalus saponin injectionNormal Saline | Blood level of circulatory endothelial cell(CEC), Nitric oxide(NO), Endothelin(ET), Angiotensin-coverting enzyme(ACE), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), Alanine transaminase(ALT) | No mention |
| Lebanon/200246) | 40 20(final 19)/13/620(final 17)/11/6 | 17.1±13.68(5-45)21.79±15.48(5-54) | Scald: 11, Flame: 8Scald: 8, Flame: 10 | No mention | 11.53±3.55(5-17)11.43±5.58(7-20) | Benefit-cost analysis | MEBO standard local therapy | Overall cost(direct/ indirect; hospitalizations duration and cost, physician/nurse time, topical treatment, systemic antibiotics, analgesics, other medications, laboratory services, medical materials) | No mention |
| China/200215) | 3015/11/415/10/5(healthy 15/10/5) | 32.8±10.5 (17-56) 34.3±11.1 (16-54)H: 32.5±11.5 (20-50) | No mention | No mention | 70.1±13.7(50-96), 3rd: 21.1±9.9(5-45)68.5±13.0(52-94), 3rd: 19.8±11.4(6-40) | Immunefunction | conventional therapy + Qinghuo baidu yinconventional therapy | Immunological indices, including peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobin(IgG, IgA and IgM) and complement(C3 and C4), BT, HR, RR, SIRS index | n/a |
| China/ 200325) | 12/9/3*40/20/20(part) | 21±15(14-54) | No mention | No mention | No mention | Pain | Dermal needle + MEBO MEBO | Rash, itching, pain, tension, affected area color, skin elasticity, joint contracture | No mention |
| Singapore /200347) | 111 54/40/14 57/42/15 | 38.2(7-68)33.8(11-68) | Flame: 29, Water scald: 20, Oil scald: 5Flame: 27, Water scald: 22, Oil scald: 8 | No mention | 10.5(1.5-37.5)8.5(1.5-32.0) | Pain | MEBO conventional treatment | VRS(pain) | No mention |
| China/200423) | 100(/No mention/No mention)20(GA)/No mention/No mention20(GB)/No mention/No mention20(GC)/No mention/No mention20(GD)/No mention/No mention20/No mention/ | No mention | No mention | 2nd | No mention | V/S | GA: dressing change immediately after needle change, needle removed 5 min after changeGB: dressing change immediately after needle, needle removed when pain drop to 10%GC: (12 needles) dressing change after acupuncture treatment, needle removal after 5 min of acupuncture treatmentGD: dressing change after acupuncture 12 hours, needle removal when pain drop to 10% | RR, HR, BP, Oxygen saturation, pain levels | No mention |
| China/200422) | 100/56/4420(G1)/No mention/No mention20(G2)/No mention/No mention20(G3)/No mentionNo mention20(G4)/No mention/No mention20/No mention/No mention | 35.0±15.2 | No mention | 2nd | No mention | Pain(dressing) | G1: dressing change immediately after needle change, needle removed 5 minutes after changeG2: dressing change immediately after needle, needle removed when pain is relievedG3: (12 needles) dressing change after acupuncture treatment, needle removal after 5 minutes of acupuncture treatmentG4: dressing change after acupuncture 12 hours, needle removal when pain disappears | Changhai pain scale | No mention |
| China/200612) | 598298/174/124300/No mention/No mention | 22±11(17 months-55)24±11 | Hot water: 51, Flame: 151, Gas: 88, etc.: 8No mention | 3rd | 68±19(3rd: 22±6)71±20(3rd: 24±8) | Survival rate | MEBOSSD | Bacterial culture of blood, wound secretions, subcutaneous tissue and subcutaneous exudate, sepsis, wound aggravation, malnutrition, electrolyte disturbances, renal failure, lung infection, liver failure, gastrointestinal stress ulcer bleeding, myocarditis, mortality | n/a |
| China/200613) | 2010/10/010/9/1 | 39±741±14 | Hot water: 1,Flame: 9Hot water: 2,Flame: 8 | No mention | 62±17 (D 2nd: 18±12, 3rd: 40±17)55±22 (D 2nd: 34±8, 3rd: 19±18) | Shock heart | 40㎖ Shengmai injection + 250㎖ 50g/L glucose injection liquid290㎖ 50g/L glucose injection liquid | Creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB), LDH, cardiac troponin I(cTnI) | No mention |
| China /200816) | 5232/21/11(Acute stress gastrointestinal mucosal hemorrhagic lesion(ASGMHL): 18, toxic enteroparalysis(TE): 14)20/13/7(ASGMHL: 11, TE: 9) | 24.76±12.21(10-57)25.07±11.97(11-55) | No mention | No mention | 53.10±14.1352.65±14.54 | Digestive disorder | Kangyanling + OmeprazoleOmeprazole | pH value in gastric mucosa, hemostasis effects, anti-paralysis effects | n/a |
| China /200921) | 20/12/8* | 23.80±6.32(18-32) | No mention | No mention | No mention | Hypertrophic scar(scar color, thickness, firmness, pain, itching) | Plum Blossom Needleconventional scar therapy | VEGF, CD34 | No mention |
| Iran /200933) | 30/25/5 * | 33±11 | No mention | 2nd | 19.8±7.9(10-40) | Wound healing | Aloe vera cream SSD | Wound swab culture, signs of infection, size, and rate and nature of epithelialization, healing percentage of the wound, the healing time | No mention |
| China /201017) | 12870/45/2558/50/8 | 38.6(18-60)37.9(20-59) | Flame: 34, Iron: 28, Chemical: 8Flame: 26, Hot water: 12, Iron: 16, Chemical: 4 | 2nd and/or 3rd | 57.6(30-75) Residual wounds 7.4(3-18)56.5(30-70) Residual wounds 6.9(2-16) | Pain, wound healing, Scar | Herbal bath bomb(Burn No. 1 prescription) SSD | Verbal rating scale(VRS), wound healing time, scar incidence rate | n/a |
| Greece /201150) | 211 104/60(D: 30, S: 30)/71(D: 30, S: 41)107/71(D: 30, S: 41)/36(D: 22, S: 14) | 42.62±13.32 (D: 40.32±13.3, S: 44.74±13.92)42.72±14.58(D: 43.94±15.16, S: 41.35±13.08) | Flame: 56, Scald: 48 (D: Flame: 27, Scald: 23, S: Flame: 31, Scald: 23)Flame: 57, Scald: 50 (D: Flame: 26, Scald: 26, S: Flame: 31, Scald: 24) | 1st: 1, 2nd: 17, 3rd: 69, 4th: 17 (D: 1st: 1, 2nd: 8, 3rd: 35, 4th: 6, S: 1st: 0, 2nd: 9, 3rd: 34, 4th: 11)1st: 2, 2nd: 21, 3rd: 71, 4th: 13 (D: 1st: 2, 2nd: 11, 3rd: 34, 4th: 5, S: 1st: 0, 2nd: 9, 3rd: 38, 4th: 8) | 10.26±4.37(5-15), (D: 9.74±4.84(5-15), S: 10.74±3.87(5-15)9.89±4.89(5-15), (D: 10.04±4.59(5-15), S: 9.75±3.87(5-15)) | Cost effectiveness | MEBOPovidone iodine + bepanthenol cream | VAS(pain), Clinical evaluation of the appearance of burn limits, Percentage of complications, Mean reduction- in days- of in-hospital stay, TEWL indicator, cost | No mention |
| China /201128) | 40 22/14/818/12/6(healthy 10/No mention/No mention) | 42.29±17.53 39.69±12.57 | No mention | 2nd and 3rd | 29.38±10.5527.63±11.04 | Pain(dressing), blood glucose, insulin, cortisol | PuerarinNormal saline | VAS(pain), blood glucose, insulin, and cortisol, Isolation of PBMCs, Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR | No mention |
| Netherlands /201251) | 38 17/14/3 22/12/10 | 3637.9 | n/a | n/a | 9.4(0–10: 11, 11–25: 5, >25: 0)9.4(0–10: 14, 11–25: 7, >25: 0) | Pain, anxiety, cortisol | Therapeutic touchNursing presence | BSPAS, Visual Analog Thermometer(VAT, an adapted version of the VAS; pain), Saliva cortisol, Pain medication, Post hoc semi-structured interviews | No mention |
| Iran /201334) | 10050/36/1450/36/14 | <20: 3, 20-29: 22, 30-39: 8, 40-49: 11, 50-60: 6<20: 4, 20-29: 21, 30-39: 10, 40-49: 11, 50-60: 4(persons) | Flame: 39, Scald: 11Flame: 43, Scald: 7 | 2nd and/or 3rd | 9-15: 9, 16-20: 17, 21-25: 8, 26-30: 9, 31-35: 79-15: 10, 16-20: 17, 21-25: 5, 26-30: 10, 31-35: 8(persons) | Anxiety of pain(dressing) | Jaw relaxation Usual care | BSPAS | No mention |
| China /201329) | 3217/10/715/10/5(healthy 10/6/4) | 39.71±3.2440.20±9.53H: 29.71±5.24 | No mention | 2nd and 3rd | 31.27±9.84NS: 28.34±12.31H: 0 | Pain(dressing), V/S | PuerarinNormal saline | VAS(pain), HR, RR, interleukin(IL)-1, IL-4 levels in blood samples, as well as expression of P2X7 receptor messenger RNA(mRNA) and protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) | No mention |
| Iran /201435) | 10050/36/1450/36/14 | <20: 3, 20-29: 22, 30-39: 8, 40-49: 11, 50-60: 6<20: 4, 20-29: 21, 30-39: 10, 40-49: 11, 50-60: 4(persons) | Flame: 39, Scald: 11Flame: 43, Scald: 7 | 2nd and/or 3rd | 9-15: 9, 16-20: 17, 21-25: 8, 26-30: 9, 31-35: 79-15: 10, 16-20: 17, 21-25: 5, 26-30: 10, 31-35: 8(persons) | Pain(dressing) | Jaw relaxationUsual care | Demographic Questionnaire, VAS(pain) | No mention |
| China /201430) | 240120(S: 72, D: 48)/103(S: 62, D: 41)/17(S: 10, D: 7)120(S: 72, D: 48)/101(S: 60, D: 41)/19(S: 12, D: 7) | S: 33.00±10.22, D: 35.58±11.77S: 31.89±10.77, D: 32.35±8.70 | S: Scald: 34, Flame: 32, Chemical: 1, Others: 5, D: Scald: 14, Flame: 26, Chemical: 2, Others: 6S: Scald: 40, Flame: 29, Chemical: 1, Others: 2, D: Scald: 14, Flame: 29, Chemical: 2, Others: 3 | S or D 2nd | S: 7.04±3.41, D: 6.54±2.06S: 6.85±3.21, D: 6.94±2.59 | Wound healing | Common burn wound therapy + FXBOCommon burn wound therapy | Healing rate, healing time, effective rate, safety data | 26/ No drug-related AEs |
| Iran /201636) | 45/Mostly were women * | 39.9±15.6 | Hot liquids: 30, Direct flame: 14, Contact burn: 1 | 2nd | 3.7±2.4(1-13) | Itching, pain, wound healing | Arnebia euchroma ointment SSD | General Wound Appearance(GWA), Wound size, percentage of wound healing, VAS(Itching, pain, burning, and warmth, Satisfaction) | n/a |
| China /201631) | 74/65/9 * | 38±11 | Thermal: 59,Electric: 7,Chemical: 8 | S 2nd: 32, D 2nd: 73, 3rd: 53 | (41±23)S 2nd: 12, D 2nd: 22, 3rd: 20 (persons) | Pruritus | Antipruritic Hydrogel(CQ-01)Guar gum-based hydrogel without additives(plain gel/gel control; gauze covered)Gauze only(negative/gauze control) | JW scale(Pruritus severity VAS scale) | No long-term AEs.6(8.1%) local irritations(burning sensation)(after 3 min-2 h of CQ-01 application) |
| Iran /201737) | 7540/9/2135/10/20 | 29.5±9.721.8±10 | Hot water: 8, Heater: 4, Hot oil: 3, Fire: 2, Water steam: 13Hot water: 16, Heater: 7, Hot oil: 6, Fire: 1, Water steam: 0 | 2nd/3rd | No mention | Pain, wound healing | Centiderm SSD | VSS, VAS(pain), Subjective criteria(Itching, Dryness, Irritation) and re-epithelialization, complete healing, and existence of infection | No AEs. C: 4.Infected and received antibiotic therapy and conservative treatment |
| China /201826) | 11055/36/1955/40/15 | 62.34±3.1232.06±3.20 | Hot water: 30, Fire: 25Hot water: 28, Fire: 27 | S 2nd | 30.12±3.5429.54±3.36 | Pain, comfort | Press needleRoutine nursing intervention | Analgesic effect(analgesic dose, analgesic pump usage time, NRS), GCQ(comfort), analgesic drugrelated adverse reactions, patient satisfaction | No mention |
| China /201820) | 200/137/6340(GA)/No mention/No mention40(GB)/No mention/No mention40(GC)/No mention/No mention40(GD)/No mention/No mention40/No mention/No mention | 34.80±6.32(14-65) | No mention | 2nd and/or 3rd | No mention | Pruritus | GA: Plum Blossom NeedleGB: capsaicinGC: asiaticosideGD: Plum Blossom Needle + capsaicin + asiaticoside | VSS, Substance-P(SP), VEGF, TGF-β1 | No mention |
| China /201824) | 6233/20/1329/18/11 | 66.1±6.2(60-72)65.3±6.7(60-72) | Hot water: 17, Fire: 10, Electric: 6Hot water: 15, Fire: 9, Electric: 5 | 2nd: 22, 3rd: 112nd: 20, 3rd: 9 | No mention | Inhalation pulmonary Injury, joint contracture | Electroacupuncture + rehabilitation exerciseRehabilitation exercise | FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, active/passive ROM, Barthel index | No mention |
| Iran /201838) | 4020/5/1520/9/11 | 33.5±1.435.5±1.6 | boiling water: 15boiling water: 14 | 2nd: 10, 3rd: 102nd: 12, 3rd: 8 | No mention | Pain, irritation, edema, itching, erythema, purulent discharges, skin discoloration symptoms | Albizia Julibressin SSD | Pain, irritation, edema, itching, erythema, purulent discharges, skin discoloration symptoms, patients' satisfaction, adverse drug reactions | n/a |
| Thailand /201848) | 12/10/26/No mention/No mention6/No mention/No mention | 48.33(24-82) | No mention | No mention | No mention | Pain, Wound healing(donor site) | Aloe veraSterilized glycerine | 100mm-VAS(pain), wound healing period(photograph; computer-assisted planimetry), Complications | n/a |
| Czech Republic /201849) | 32/25/7 * | 41.8±11.66 | No mention | No mention | No mention | Wound healing(donor site) | Oleogel-S10 + non-adhesive wound dressingnon-adhesive wound dressing alone | POSAS, laser speckle contrast analysis, viscoelastic analysis | No allergic reaction. 1 AE. The development of infectious complications, which had originated in the control half, but the potentially pathogenic microorganism spread over 5 days to the already epithelialized site treated with Oleogel-S10. |
| China /201920) | 20040(GA)/29/1140(GB)/25/1540(GC)/27/1340(GD)/31/940/25/15 | GA: 37.12±7.11GB: 40.75±6.32GC: 39.54±7.69GD: 39.18±6.48C: 41.93±7.43 | No mention | No mention | No mention | Pruritus, sleep disturbances, depression | GA: Plum Blossom NeedleGB: capsaicinGC: asiaticosideGD: Plum Blossom Needle + capsaicin + asiaticoside | VAS(itching), PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; sleep quality), HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; depression and anxiety scores) | No mention |
| Iran /201939) | 13233(G1)/27/633(G2)/28/533(G3)/28/533/26/7 | G1: 41.13±52.52G2: 44.10±18.23G3: 44.2±21.83C: 40.12±39.45 | G1: Gasoline: 6, Gas: 7, Fire: 14, Acid: 2, Scald: 4, Contact: 0G2: Gasoline: 4, Gas: 6, Fire: 16, Acid: 1, Scald: 4, Contact: 2G3: Gasoline: 6, Gas: 4, Fire: 14, Acid: 0, Scald: 7, Contact: 2C: Gasoline: 8, Gas: 5, Fire: 9, Acid: 3, Scald: 8, Contact: 0 | G1: 2nd: 15, 3rd: 12, 1st & 2nd: 2, 2nd & 3rd: 4,G2: 2nd: 21, 3rd: 5, 1st & 2nd: 1, 2nd & 3rd: 6,G3: 2nd: 15, 3rd: 8, 1st & 2nd: 3, 2nd & 3rd: 2C: 2nd: 11, 3rd: 8, 1st & 2nd: 3, 2nd & 3rd: 11 | G1: (25.12±73.39) 25≥: 20, >25: 13G2: (24.16±82.40) 25≥: 22, >25: 11G3: (19.5±36.65) 25≥: 31, >25: 2C: (26.12±79.66) 25≥: 16, >25: 17 (persons) | Anxiety of pain | G1: Rose aromaG2: Benson relaxation techniqueG3: Rose aroma + benson relaxationC: Routine care | BSPAS, VAS(pain) | No mention |
| Iran /202042) | 12040/28/12P: 40/25/12C: 40/27/13 | 37.20±10.47P: 36.98±8.98C: 34.40±9.11 | Boiling water: 12, Fire: 21, Boiling oil: 4, Another cause: 3P: Boiling water: 17, Fire: 14, Boiling oil: 7, Another cause: 2C: Boiling water: 16, Fire: 17, Boiling oil: 3, Another cause: 4 | 1st: 28, 2nd: 7, 3rd & 4th: 5P: 1st: 27, 2nd: 11, 3rd & 4th: 2C: 1st: 31, 2nd: 7, 3rd & 4th: 2 | 18.30±6.94P: 15.62±6.00C: 18.82±7.23 | Pain, anxiety(dressing) | Damask roseP: Distilled waterC: No intervention | VAS(pain), Spielberger Inventory(anxiety inventory) | No mention |
| Iran /202041) | 8040/31/940/32/8 | 25-15: 9, 26-35: 11, 36-45: 13, 46-60: 725-15: 13, 26-35: 11, 36-45: 7, 46-60: 9(persons) | No mention | 2nd: 22, 2nd & 3rd: 232nd: 18, 2nd & 3rd: 17 | 35-15: 21, 50-36: 14, 65-51: 535-15: 16, 50-36: 17, 65-51: 7 (persons) | Anxiety, sleep quality | Jacobson’s relaxation techniqueRoutine care | the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), St Mary's Hospital Sleep Quality Questionnaire(SMHSQ) | No mention |
| Iran /202040) | 28/14/1414/No mention/No mention14/No mention/No mention | 54.7±14.5 | No mention | No mention | 43.36±7.948.21±8.4(㎠) | Burn(wound size), pain, erythema, pruritus of donor site | Natural ingredients (aloe vera, honey, and peppermint)Petroleum jelly | Digital photography(Wound size), VAS(pain), NRS(0–3)(erythema, pruritus, patient discomfort), complications(infection, discoloration, scarring, etc), 5-point Likert-type scale(physician satisfaction) | n/a |
| China /202127) | 60/34/2630/No mention/No mention30/No mention/No mention | 34.01±2.34(13-66) | Boiling water: 42, Flame: 18 | 2nd | 15.18±3.40 (5-30) | Pain(dressing) | Press needle + routine burn treatmentRoutine burn treatment | VAS(pain) | n/a |
| Turkey/202152) | 108L(Lavender)-15: 36/No mention/No mentionL-60: 36/No mention/No mention36/No mention/No mention | L-15: 35.25±15.13L-60: 38.41±18.61C: 39.05±18.47 (month) | Scalding burn | S 2nd | L-15: 9.61±2.99, L-60: 9.94±2.04C: 8.80±3.22 | Pain, V/S | Lavender oil-15: 15 min before dressingL-60: 60min before dressingC: Jojoba oil | FLACC Pain Scale, Demographic Data Collection Form, and the Vital Signs(RR, HR, BT, mean BP) | No mention |
| Iran /202143) | 6633/18/1533/20/13 | 36.82±19.6638.94±13.07 | Chemicals: 8, Hot liquid or steam: 17, Electrical currents: 2, Fire: 6Chemicals: 6, Hot liquid or steam: 16, Electrical currents: 3, Fire: 8 | 2nd and 3rd | (10-45) | Pain, anxiety(dressing) | Foot reflexology + standard carestandard care | VAS(pain, anxiety) | No mention |
| China /202132) | 8040/28/1240/29/11 | 34.58±1.68(18-48)34.64±1.75(19-50) | Flame: 20, Hot liquid: 12, Electric arc: 5, Chemical: 3Flame: 22, Hot liquid: 13, Electric arc: 4, Chemical: 1 | D 2nd: 20, S 2nd: 20D 2nd: 18, S 2nd: 22 | 24.24±2.6824.30±2.74 | Burn, burn infection | Shengji ointment after immersion therapyRoutine medication after immersion therapy | Wound Healing: Wound healing time, Wound healing rate, VSS, ARR, C-reactive protein(CRP), Incidence Rate of Infections. | n/a |
| China /202118) | 10050/30/2050/28/22 | 55±1459±12 | Superficial burn(sunburn) | No mention | No mention | Pain, Eczema | New dressing(Self-developed novel low-temperature boric acid wet dressing)Conventional dressing | The Eczema area and severity index(EASI) score, VAS, self-made convenience questionnaire, the time and convenience required of 2 dressings | No mention |
| Iran /202245) | 6232/18/1430/17/13 | 35.3±11.537.6±9.3 | Heat: 20, Hot water: 5, Chemical: 2, Explosives: 5Heat: 16, Hot water: 8, Chemical: 0, Explosives: 6 | 2nd: 2, 3rd: 5, 4th: 2, 2nd & 3rd: 232nd: 1, 3rd: 3, 4th: 3, 2nd & 3rd: 23 | No mention | Pain, anxiety(donor site dressing) | Damask rose 40% and lavender 10% essential oilsdressed using routine protocol | The type and dose of sedative/analgesic agents, BIS, VAS(pain), and changes in physiologic parameters(SBP/DBP, HR/RR means, Oxygen saturation) | No mention |
| Iran /202244) | 7035/26/435/23/7 | 32.1±5.6733.83 ± 5.95 | Fire: 26, Hot water: 3, Direct contact: 1Fire: 23, Hot water: 5, Direct contact: 2 | 2nd | 21.5±3.2424.03±4.70 | Pain and anxiety(dressing) | Dressing change after 4 sessions of guided imageryDressing change normally | Demographic questionnaire, VAS(pain), the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ), BSPAS | No mention |