| Tong14) (2022) | 1) THI2) VAS | 1) Within-Group Therapeutic Effects : significant differences in THI, VAS in each(p < 0.001)- TMNMT group : THI(41.50 vs. 21.72, p<0.001), VAS(4.29 vs. 3.17, p<0.001)- TRT group : THI(40.56 vs. 27.89, p<0.001, VAS(4.59 vs. 4.00, p<0.001)2) Between-Group Therapeutic Effects : significant time by group interaction(p=0.021) was detected in the differences of the mean THI scores between two group, indicating that the TMNMT group showed more improvement during the 3-mo tinnitus treatment.- THI score : TMNMT group was 6.90(95% CI, 0.27 to 13.53, p=0.041) points less than the score of the TRT group at T1, 6.17(95% CI, -0.71 to 13.04) points at T2 which was significantly different.- VAS : Mean VAS scores in the TMNMT group were significantly lower(Cohen d -0.44, 95% CI, -0.81 to -0.06) at T2, compared with the TRT group. |
| Jin9) (2022) | 1) Tinnitus loudness matching test(dB SL)2) VAS3) K-TPFQ | Longer daily sound therapy hours were associated to greater effect of sound therapy in the tinnitus loudness level and the total K-TPFQ scores, including the emotion and hearing subcategories. Particularly, the 3-hr and 5-hr groups showed a greater tinnitus relief than the 1-hr group.1) Tinnitus loudness level evaluation : Significant tinnitus interaction between the groups(p<0.05)- 3-hr group(7.84 vs. 4.94 dB SL, p<0.05) / 5-hr group(9.52 vs. 5.57 dB SL, p<0.05)2) VAS for loudness : Interaction between groups were not significant(F=2.448, p=0.096).- 1-hr group(70.50 vs. 67.50)/ 3-hr group(69.21 vs. 57.73)/ 5-hr group(63.94 vs. 47.63)3) K-TPFQ : Total K-TPFQ 3-hr, 5-hr group showed significant improvement(p<0.05). |
| Hall3) (2022) | 1) THQ | There was no difference in the change on global THQ score between the treatment and placebo groups(adjusted p=0.85, unadjusted p=0.90). ACRN did not lead to group-mean reductions on tinnitus symptom severity compared to placebo, or over time. |
| Formby10) (2022) | 1) TQ score | The differences were significant for TRT vs. SOC (p=0.020), borderline significant for TRT vs. pTRT (p=0.057), but nonsignificant for pTRT vs. SOC (p=0.285). |
| Mondelli 15)(2021) | 1) THI2) VAS3) HINT | Four noises were equally effective in relieving tinnitus, with no statistically significant differences between the groups.1) THI : difference between pre and post score, group1(-33.33±8.94, p=0.000), group2(-43.50±19.26, p=0.000), group3(-33.33±20.66, p=0.001), group4(-29.55±16.21 p=0.001)2) VAS : difference between pre and post score, group1(-3.22, p=0.000), group2(-3.37, p=0.002), group3(-3.55, p=0.000), group4(-3.44, p=0.000)3) HINT in silence : difference between pre and post score, group1(-10.44, p=0.013), group2(-10.47, p=0.011), group3(-10.13, p=0.004), group4(-13.40, p=0.001) |
| Li16) (2021) | 1) THI2) VAS3) PSQI | The observation group had better therapeutic effects than that in the control group(91.30% vs 73.91%, p<0.05).Patients in the observation group all presented with decreased tinnitus handicap, decreased tinnitus volume and improved sleep quality compared with the control group(p<0.05). |
| Jin11) (2021) | 1) Tinnitus loudness matching test(dB SL)2) K-TPFQ | In both groups, there was a significant decrease in tinnitus loudness and K-TPFQ. Two groups are equally effective at the mixing point in sound therapy for tinnitus relief.1) Tinnitus loudness level - notched noise : 6.56 vs. 4.38 dB SL(p=0.014)/ BBN : 8.21 vs. 5.36 dB SL(p=0.014)2) K-TPFQ - notched noise : 54.41 vs. 22.31(t=6.041, p=0.001)/ BBN group : 47.88 vs. 12.57(t=7.153, p=0.001) |
| Jeong19) (2020) | 1) K-TPFQ2) VAS | Sound therapy using portable hearing devices with transducers is effective and the transducer type does not significantly affect effectiveness of the sound therapy.1) K-TPFQ - ACT : total score 50.4 vs. 37.4(p<0.05)/ BCT : total score 37.4 vs. 22.1(p<0.05)/between group : Total score[F(1, 18)=0.273, p=0.608]2) VAS - ACT : Annoyance(t=2.590, p<0.05), Awareness time(t=2.400, p<0.05)- BCT : Annoyance(t=6.573, p<0.05), Awareness time(t=2.409, p<0.05)- between group : Loudness[F(1, 18)=1.748, p=0.203], Annoyance[F(1, 18)=0.894, p=0.357], Awareness time[F(1, 18)=0.543, p=0.471] |
| Yoo18) (2020) | 1) K-TPFQ | Sound therapy for 3 months could be effective in the management of tinnitus(p<0.001). However, no difference in the effect of sound therapy according to the type of stimuli was noted.broad band noise(t=3.622, p<0.001)/ nature sound (t=2.463, p<0.001)/ music sound(t=2.130, p<0.001) |
| Jeong12) (2019) | 1) THI | Sound therapy using nature sounds was more effective than BBN in a short period of tinnitus rehabilitation.1) Average decrease in tinnitus as shown by THI - nature sound vs. BBN : 15.92%(p<0.05) vs. 8.43%(p=0.061) |
| Scherer13) (2019) | 1) TQ score | Comparison of changes in mean score from baseline to the 18-month visit showed no difference between treatment groups.Significant improvement was observed at 18 months in all treatment groups on TQ scores for TRT(effect size, -1.32; 95% CI, -1.78 -0.85), partial TRT(effect size, -1.16; 95% CI, -1.56 - -0.76), and SoC(effect size, -1.01; 95% CI, -1.41 - -0.61). |
| Munro20) (2019) | 1) PAS2) TRS | 1) There was no significant main effect or interaction for the sounds effect on the PAS.2) The addition of binaural beats at 8㎐ to an ocean sound showed no significant group benefits above the ocean sound alone. |
| Li17) (2019) | 1) THI2) VAS | The mixed pure tones were more advantageous than BBN as the sound therapy for tinnitus patients with normal to mild hearing loss.1) No difference between two groups at the five time points(baseline, 2,4,8,12 weeks of intervention)2) VAS scores of group B were lower than those of group A at 8(p=0.000; 0.003), 12(p=0.008; 0.000) weeks. |
| Aydin21) (2019) | 1) TRS2) BP3) Cortisol, Cortisone concentration | 1) Both sounds had a similar effect on each of the rating scales(p<0.0005).2) Only BBN showed reduction in BP(SBP : reduction of 7.19㎜/Hg, p=0.001, DBP : reduction of 6.28㎜/Hg, p=0.008). Non-statistically significant changes in heart rate in both groups.3) Changes in cortisol and cortisone concentrations were not statistically significant. |