| Sarrell (2001)10) | 103 | 6-18 | Ear pain from AOMS | every 8 hrs 3t/d | ControlOtikon Otic solution (NHED) | Anaesthetic ear drops (amethocaine) | Pain-O-Meter (OSBD) | *Mean Pain Score(MPS) reducedControl(Anesthetic) : 8.53(TA0)→ 1.4(TC0)Otikon Otic solution(NHED): 8.46(TA0)→1.1(TC0)* Difference in MPS between 2 groups was not statistically significant(p=.007)* Last data point shows less pain in NHED group | Not mentioned |
| Sarrell (2003)11) | 171 | 5-18 | Ear pain from AOMS | every 8 hrs 3t/d | ControlNHED aloneNHED + antibioticAnesthetic + antibiotic | Anaesthetic ear drops (amethocaine) | Pain-O-Meter (OSBD) | *Mean Pain Score decreasedNHED alone : 0.3NHED + antibiotic : 0.8Anestheic alone(Control) : 1.2Anesthetic + antibiotic : 2.0 | Not mentioned |
| Alqareer (2006)9) | 73 | 19-25 | 25-gauge needle inserted on mucogingival border until bone contact | 5mins before the procedure | ControlClove gelPlacebo C (Pumice + Glycerin)Placebo B (Petrolleum jelly) | benzocaine 20% gel | 100-㎜ VAS | *Mean Pain ScoreBenzocaine: 13.31Clove: 10.51Placebo C: 16.54Placebo B: 24.5 | Most – slight burning sensation during application1 – pain-like feeling after application4 – Small aphthous-like ulcers |
| Wang (2013)8) | 376 | 22-85 | Tooth extraction | 10mins before the procedure | ControlHerbal compound | General western medicine anesthesia | Changes in clinical signs and symptoms in three stages(Significantly effective,effective, ineffective) | *Experimental groupSignificantly effective: 156Effective: 33Ineffective: 11*Control GroupSignificantly effective: 128Effective: 24Ineffective: 24 | None |
| Chen (2016)5) | 86 | 11-36 | Molluscum contagiosum | 8~10 mins before the procedure | ControlHerbal coumpound | Lidocaine | Degree of pain into three gradesI°: little painII°: obvious but bearableIII° : unbearable | *Experimental groupI°: 23, II°:18, III°: 2*Control GroupI°:32, II°: 10, III° :1 | Not mentioned |