| He X9) (2010) | CSS‡ | 65(53%) | Min: 3y§Max: 12y (6.5y) | 12mon∥-1y (NR¶) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(every week)- HM⁑(OA⁂) tid or qid | 2week | TER⁋- Cured: no symptoms, normal hearing, AC at PTA increased by 10-15 dB, Impedance Audiometry : A type. Peak is in the range of 0.3-1.5mm Inside. normal stapes muscle reflex.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, not normal hearing, Impedance Audiometry : As type, Peak is not normal, abnormal stapes muscle reflex.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TER : 96.9% | NR | NR |
| Gai J10) (2010) | CSS | 60(36%) | Min: 18yMax: 60y (NR) | 1mon-2y (NR) | - HM(OA) bid | 2-3week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane and activity, normal eustachian tube and hearing, stapes muscle reflex, Impedance Audiometry : A type. no recurrence in 6 months.- Significant effective: no symptoms, almost normal tympanic membrane, normal eustachian tube, hearing is improved by 15 dB, normal stapes muscle reflex, Impedance Audiometry : A or As type. may recurr within the 6 months.-Effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, improved eustachian tube function, hearing is improved by less than 15 dB. normal or abnormal stapes muscle reflex, Impedance Audiometry : A or As type. may recurr within the 6 months.- ineffective: No significant change. Impedance Audiometry : B or C type. abnormal stapes muscle reflex. | TER : 81.7% | NR | NR |
| Zhang C11) (2010) | RCT | T1 : 40(55%) | Min: 19yMax: 61y (45y) | 6mon-15y (NR) | - HM(OA) bid | 2-4week | TER- cured: no symptoms, normal hearing- effective: symptoms is reduced- ineffective: No significant change | TER: 62.50% | NR | NR |
| C : 34(58%) | Min: 16yMax: 70y (43y) | 4mon-15y (NR) | - autoinflation(every 3days)- If perforation, pharmacologic interventions(Inj. every week) | 3-6week | TER: 61.77% |
| T2 : 37(59%) | Min: 16yMax: 68y (38y) | 3mon-12y (NR) | - HM(OA) bid- autoinflation(every 3days)- If perforation, pharmacologic interventions(Inj. every week) | NR | TER: 86.48% |
| Tang H12) (2011) | CSS | 130(53%) | Min: 3yMax: 12y (6.5y) | 12week-1y (NR) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj. every week)- HM(OA) tid or qid | 2week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal hearing, PTA detects bone air conduction difference within 10dB, Impedance Audiometry : A type. normal stapes muscle reflex.- Effective: symptoms is reduced. not normal hearing. AC at PTA increased by 10-15dB. Impedance Audiometry : As type.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TER: 96.9% | NR | NR |
| Qing L13) (2012) | RCT∮ | T : 45(46%) | Min: 20yMax: 65y (NR) | 2mon-3y (NR) | - HM(OA) bid | 3week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane, normal hearing.- Significant effective: symptoms is reduced or no symptoms, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved by 15 dB.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved by less than 15 dB.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TERT : 95.56%C : 84.40%(P <0.05) | 6mon laterT : 13.33%C : 27.91%(P <0.05) | NR |
| C : 43(51%) | Min: 18yMax: 64y (NR) | 1mon-3y (NR) | - antibiotics- If perforation, pharmacologic interventions(irrigation) | 3week |
| Liu S14) (2012) | CSS | 10(40%) | Min: 15yMax: 54y (35.5y) | 2mon-2y (NR) | - HM(OA) bid | 10days | TER- Cured: normal tympanic membrane, normal hearing at PTA, Impedance Audiometry : A type.- Effective: abnormal tympanic membrane, AC at PTA increased by 10-15dB, Impedance Audiometry : A or B type.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TER: 50% | NR | NR |
| Lu L15) (2014) | RCT | T : 23(NR)C : 23(NR) | Min: 18yMax: 64y (41y) | 2week-3mon (NR) | T : HM(OM) bid | 30days | TER- Cured: no symptoms and effusion, normal tympanic membrane, normal hearing, Impedance Audiometry : A type.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved consciously, Impedance Audiometry : A or B type.- Ineffective: No significant change. Impedance Audiometry : B or C type. | TERT: 95.7%C: 82.6%(P <0.05) | 3mon laterT : 9.1%C : 26.3%(P <0.05) | NR |
| C : antibiotics & pharmacologic interventions(irrigation) | 30days |
| Li Z16) (2014) | CSS | 47(29%) | Min: 4yMax: 15y (7.1y) | 3mon-2y (NR) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj. every week)- HM(OA) tid or qid | 2week | TER- Cured: no symptoms and effusion, normal tympanic membrane, normal hearing, Impedance Audiometry : A type.- Effective: no symptoms, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved consciously, PTA increased by 10-15dB, Impedance Audiometry : As type.- Ineffective: No significant change. with effusion. | TER: 95.7% | NR | NR |
| Li X17) (2014) | CSS | 45(28%) | Min: 4yMax: 15y (7.2y) | 3mon-2y (NR) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj. every week)- HM(OA) tid or qid | 2week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane, no effusion, normal hearing, normal stapes muscle reflex, Impedance Audiometry : A type.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved by 10-15 dB, Impedance Audiometry : As type.- Ineffective: No significant change. with effusion. | TER: 95.6% | NR | NR |
| Luo R18) (2015) | RCT | T : 50(46%) | Min: 9yMax: 75y (28.94y) | NR | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj.)- puncture of tympanic membrane- HM(OA) bid | 2week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane, normal hearing.- Effective: no symptoms, with little effusion, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved.- Ineffective: No significant change. with effusion. | TERT: 92%C: 70%(P <0.05) | NR | NR |
| C : 50(48%) | Min: 8yMax: 72y (29.21y) | NR | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj.)- puncture of tympanic membrane | 2week |
| Li W19) (2015) | RCT | T : 50(46%) | Min: 8yMax: 46y (24.5y) | 2y-9y (4.5y) | - pharmacologic interventions | 2week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane and activity, normal hearing, no effusion, Impedance Audiometry : A type.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, with little effusion, hearing is improved, Impedance Audiometry : B type.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TERT : 98.0%C : 76.0%(P <0.05) | 3-6mon laterT : 2.0%C : 20.0%(P <0.05) | NR |
| C : 50(48%) | Min: 9yMax: 44y (25.5y) | 1y-7y (4.1y) | - pharmacologic interventions- HM(OA) bid | 2week |
| Jiang Y20) (2016) | RCT | T : 46(45%) | Min: 19yMax: 63y (NR) | 2mon-3y (1.5y) | - HM(OA) bid | 3week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal tympanic membrane and hearing.- Significant effective: symptoms is reduced, almost normal tympanic membrane, hearing is improved.- Effective: symptoms is reduced, tympanic membrane recovered.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TERT : 95.65%C : 82.61%(P <0.05) | 6mon laterT : 13.04%C : 26.09%(P <0.05) | NR |
| C : 46(47%) | Min: 21yMax: 66y (NR) | 3mon-3y (1.4y) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj.)- N/S irrigation | 3week |
| Li S21) (2017) | RCT | T : 46(NR) | Min: 18yMax: 71y (46.21y) | 8day-2mon (NR) | - HM(OA) bid- autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj.)- puncture of tympanic membrane & irrigation | 1week | TER- Cured: no symptoms, normal hearing, PTA detects bone air conduction difference within 10dB, Impedance Audiometry : A type. Peak is in the range of 0.3-1.5mm Inside. normal stapes muscle reflex.- Effective: symptoms is reduced. not normal hearing. AC of PTA increased by 10-15dB. Impedance Audiometry : As type. Peak is not normal.- Ineffective: No significant change. | TERT : 89.13%C : 71.74%(P <0.05) | NR | NR |
| C : 46(NR) | - autoinflation & pharmacologic interventions(Inj.)- puncture of tympanic membrane & irrigation | 1week |
| Li A22) (2019) | RCT | T : 43(46%) | Min: 3yMax: 36y (19.5y) | 3mon-2y (0.9y) | - puncture of tympanic membrane- pharmacologic interventions(Inj. Every 5-7days)- HM（OA） | NR | TER- Cured: no symptoms, Significant improvement in hearing- Effective: Improvement in hearing, symptoms is reduced. no effusion.- Ineffective: No significant change, with effusion. | TERT : 90.70%C : 72.09%(P <0.05) | NR | T : 9.30%C : 30.23%(P <0.05) |
| C : 43(53%) | Min: 5yMax: 34y (19,5y) | 2mon-2y (1.1y) | - puncture of tympanic membrane- pharmacologic interventions(Inj. Every 5-7days) | NR |